The Truth About…Water!
It’s Not How Much You Drink, It’s How Fast You Drink It!The kidneys of a healthy adult can process fifteen liters of water a day! You are unlikely to suffer from water intoxication, even if you drink a lot of water, as long as you drink over time as opposed to taking in an enormous volume at one time. As a general guideline, most adults need about three quarts of fluid each day. Much of that water comes from food, so 8-12 eight ounce glasses a day is a common recommended intake. You may need more water if the weather is very warm or very dry, if you are exercising, or if you are taking certain medications. The bottom line is this: it’s possible to drink too much water, but unless you are running a marathon or an infant, water intoxication is a very uncommon condition.
There is a disorder called hyponatremia, which means “low sodium.” This occurs when someone drinks enormous amounts of water and/or loses too much salt from the body in a short time. Drinking an enormous amount of water overwhelms the kidneys and they can’t process and eliminate the water fast enough, so the amount of sodium in your blood drops too low. Your brain needs sodium and when the sodium levels drop this low a person feels confusion and lethargy. Severe hyponatremia can lead to twitching, seizures and even death.
Hyponatremia can happen to a marathon runner who drinks gallons of water and doesn’t replace the electrolytes during a race, or to people with certain psychological disorders who can’t make themselves stop drinking water. Hyponatremia can also occur in older people and people with certain medical conditions.
Hyponatremia won’t happen to a healthy person who spreads out his or her water intake over the course of the day. This means it is fine to drink two gallons of water over 16 hours, but drinking two gallons of water all in one sitting can be very bad.
The 1996 Position Paper of the American College of Sports Medicine recommends:
Cold: Drinks should be cooler than room temperature.Flavored: Drinks should be flavored to make them taste more appealing, helping people to drink more. A squeeze of lemon juice or a pinch of a flavoring can help without adding calories.
Sports Drinks: Use a sports drink to replace carbohydrate and electrolytes when exercising longer than 1 hour. Plain Water: If exercising less than an hour, plain water is just fine, maybe with a squeeze of lemon juice or other flavoring if preferred for taste.Drink to Thirst: Updated guidelines in 2006 caution endurance runners and walkers that overdrinking can cause hyponatremia, so exercisers should use thirst as their guide rather than forcing fluids.
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